Soil nails and rock bolt have similarities on the surface, but they have different working mechanisms.

The rock bolt is divided into a free section and an anchor section along the entire length, in the retaining structure, the rock bolt as a fulcrum for the retaining members such as piles and walls, the lateral earth pressure acting on the pile and the wall is transmitted to the deep soil through the free section and the anchoring section. In addition to the anchoring section, the rock bolt is subjected to the same amount of tension over the length of the free section.

But the tensile force of the soil nail varies along its entire length, generally it is big in the middle, small in two, the sprayed concrete surface layer in soil nail support is not a major retaining part, under the action of soil weight, its main function is to stabilize the local soil on the excavation surface, prevent it from falling apart and being eroded. Soil nailing is a soil retaining structure with soil nails and soil reinforced around it, gravity-like retaining wall.

In addition, the rock bolt are generally pre-tensioned during installation, and the soil is actively restrained; soil nails are generally not prestressed, the soil nail can only be passively stressed after the soil has been deformed, the constraint of soil nails on the soil needs to be compensated by the deformation of the soil, therefore, it cannor be considered that the tendons like soil nails have a restraining mechanism.

Secondly, the number of rock bolt is usually limited, while the soil nails are arranged densely, of course, there are special cases in the bolt that are not prestressed and adhered along the length of the grout and the soil, in the case of a specific arrangement, it also transitioned to the soil nail.

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