The function of anchor and its design:

1, Anchor suspension: the anchor passes through the weak, loose and unstable rock and soil body, anchored on the deep and stable rock and soil body, providing sufficient pulling force to overcome the self-weight and sliding force of the falling rock mass and prevent the hole, wall slippage, slumping.

2, Extrusion reinforcement: after the anchor is stressed, a compression zone is formed in a certain range around. Arranging the anchor pieces in an appropriate manner so that the compression zones formed by the adjacent anchors overlap each other to form a compression zone. The loose stratum in the compression belt is reinforced by bolts, and the integrity is enhanced, and the bearing capacity is improved.

3, Combined beam (arch) action: after the anchor is inserted into the formation to a certain depth, the layers under the anchoring force are pressed against each other, the friction between the layers increases and the internal stress and deflection are greatly reduced, which is equivalent to a simple stack, the combined number of beams (archs) becomes a composite beam (arch). The bending stiffness and strength of the composite beam (arch) are greatly improved, thereby enhancing the bearing       capacity of the formation. The greater the anchoring force provided by the anchor, the more obvious the effect.

4, Bolt length: the total length required for the bolt to function effectively. When calculated by suspension, it is the sum of anchor length, reinforcement length and exposed length. When calculated according to the combined beam (arch), it is the sum of the height and the exposed length of the composite beam (arch) of 1.2 times. When the actual value is taken, the additional length of the excavation contour is also considered to be increased.

5, Anchorage length: the length of the anchor anchored into the stable formation, which can be selected empirically or calculated. When selected by experience, consider the anchoring method and anchor diameter. When selecting according to the calculation, consider the adhesion between the mortar and the anchor and the adhension between the mortar and the hole wall.

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